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Roof replacement

Roof replacement cost, and what your insurer will actually pay

Most calculators multiply your house size by a national average and hand back one number. That number is not much use when an adjuster hands you a different one. This works out the cost the way a roofer bids it — by the square, adjusted for pitch — and then shows you the depreciated value alongside it.

Rates reviewed July 2026

Roof replacement estimate

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Square feet of the area under the roof — not total living space. A two-storey 3,600 sq ft house usually has an 1,800 sq ft footprint.
Architectural asphalt covers roughly three quarters of US homes.
Rise per 12 inches of run. If you cannot walk it comfortably, it is 8:12 or steeper.
Every valley, hip and dormer adds cuts, and cuts create waste.
Height affects staging, not materials.
Labour rates vary more across the country than material prices do.
Tear-off is priced per layer. Two layers roughly doubles this line.
Nobody knows this until the old roof is off. It is the most common change order.
Drives the depreciation in the insurance section below.
Wind and hail often carry a separate, higher deductible — sometimes a percentage of the dwelling limit.

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Why roofers price by the square, and why it matters to you

A roofing square is 100 square feet of roof surface. Every quote you receive is built on that unit, which is why two houses with identical floor plans can be quoted thousands apart.

The catch is that your roof is bigger than the house underneath it. A roof rising 6 inches for every 12 inches of run has 11.8% more surface than its footprint. At 12:12 it has 41% more. Add waste for cuts around valleys and dormers and a 1,800 sq ft footprint becomes roughly 23 squares of material.

PitchArea multiplierWalkable?
2:12 — nearly flat1.014Yes
4:12 — gentle1.054Yes
6:12 — typical1.118With care
8:12 — above average1.202Harnesses needed
10:12 — steep1.302No
12:12 — very steep1.414No
Geometric multiplier, √(1 + (rise/12)²). Steep roofs also carry a labour surcharge on top of the extra area.
Checking a quote in ten seconds Divide the quoted total by the number of squares. If a contractor is charging $1,400 a square for architectural asphalt, either something unusual is going on or you want a second quote.

Roof replacement cost by house size

Architectural asphalt, 6:12 pitch, one layer torn off, national average labour. Adjust for your own situation with the calculator above.

FootprintSquaresTypical range
1,000 sq ft12.9$7,500 – $13,100
1,200 sq ft15.4$9,000 – $15,700
1,500 sq ft19.3$11,300 – $19,600
1,800 sq ft23.1$13,500 – $23,500
2,000 sq ft25.7$15,000 – $26,100
2,500 sq ft32.1$18,800 – $32,700
3,000 sq ft38.6$22,500 – $39,200
Footprint is the area under the roof. A two-storey home has roughly half the roof of a single-storey home with the same living space — one of the few ways house shape saves you money.

Cost by material, and the lifespan that goes with it

Material choice does two things at once: it sets the price today, and it sets the depreciation schedule your insurer will use for the next few decades. A cheap roof is depreciated faster, so it is worth less at claim time as well as lasting less long.

MaterialPer square, installedExpected life
3-tab asphalt shingle$350 – $55020 yrs
Architectural asphalt$450 – $75028 yrs
Corrugated metal$500 – $90045 yrs
Cedar shake$800 – $1,40030 yrs
Standing seam metal$900 – $1,60050 yrs
Clay or concrete tile$1,000 – $2,00055 yrs
Natural slate$1,500 – $3,00080+ yrs
Installed cost including labour, before regional adjustment. Structural work is sometimes needed for tile and slate, which are far heavier than asphalt.
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What insurance actually pays

This is where most homeowners get caught out, and it has almost nothing to do with the replacement cost itself.

First, the cause has to be covered. Hail, wind and falling trees generally are. Age, wear, poor maintenance and manufacturing defects generally are not. A roof that has simply reached the end of its life is not an insurable event, however expensive it is to replace.

Second, if the cause is covered, the amount depends on which kind of policy you hold:

 Replacement cost (RCV)Actual cash value (ACV)
First paymentDepreciated value, less deductibleDepreciated value, less deductible
After work is finishedReleases the withheld depreciationNothing further
Your share on an 18-year roofDeductible onlyDeductible plus the depreciation
The withheld amount is called recoverable depreciation. On an RCV policy you get it back — but only once you can show the work was actually done.
The trap in an ACV policy On an older roof, depreciation can exceed the deductible several times over. A 22-year-old architectural shingle roof is around 79% through its expected life, so an ACV policy may pay roughly a fifth of what the replacement costs. Your premium was lower every year until the day you needed it.

Roof buyback is a different thing entirely

A buyback offer pays you a lump sum in exchange for excluding the roof from your policy going forward. Carriers use it on roofs they no longer want to insure. It is not an upgrade and it is not a settlement of a claim — after a buyback, roof damage is simply not covered. Read the endorsement before accepting one.

Why replacing a roof costs what it does

Labour is usually 50 to 60% of the bill. A crew is on your property for two to four days, working at height, carrying several tonnes of material up a ladder and several tonnes of old material back down. That is the bulk of what you are paying for.

The rest is spread across items that rarely appear in the headline number: underlayment, ice and water shield along the eaves, drip edge, ridge vent, flashing around every penetration, and disposal fees that have risen sharply. Tear-off alone runs $100 to $200 a square per layer.

Then there is the item nobody can quote accurately: the decking underneath. Its condition is unknown until the old roof comes off. Assume around 10% will need replacing and treat anything less as a good outcome.

Questions

How much does a new roof cost?

Most US homeowners replacing asphalt shingles pay between $9,000 and $23,000. Roof area drives the figure rather than house size, and area depends on pitch — a steep roof can be 30% larger than the footprint beneath it.

Does homeowners insurance cover roof replacement?

Only for sudden covered perils — hail, wind, fire, falling trees. Wear and age are excluded by nearly every policy. If the cause is covered, how much you receive then depends on whether you hold an RCV or ACV policy.

What is roof replacement cost buyback?

An offer to pay you a lump sum in exchange for excluding the roof from future coverage. It ends your roof cover rather than improving it.

Will insurance cover a 20-year-old roof?

Coverage often narrows with age. Many carriers move roofs past 15 or 20 years onto actual cash value automatically, and some decline to renew altogether. Check your declarations page rather than assuming the terms you signed up to still apply.

Should I repair or replace?

Repair when damage is localised and the roof still has years left. Replace when the roof is past roughly 75% of its expected life, when repairs are recurring, or when granules are shedding across the whole surface. Repeated repairs on an old roof rarely work out cheaper.

How long does a roof last?

Three-tab asphalt around 20 years, architectural asphalt around 28, metal 45 to 50, tile 55, slate 80 or more. Ventilation matters as much as material — a poorly ventilated attic can take years off any roof.

Is roof repair tax deductible?

Not for your own home in the ordinary case. Repairs on a rental property are generally deductible as an expense, while a full replacement is usually capitalised and depreciated. Energy efficiency credits can apply to certain roofing products. Worth confirming with a tax professional for your own situation.

Do I need a permit?

In most US jurisdictions, yes, for a full replacement. Your contractor normally pulls it and includes the fee. Skipping it can cause problems at resale and can give an insurer grounds to question a later claim.

About these figures Costs are ranges built from published contractor pricing and adjusted by region, not quotes. Depreciation is modelled straight-line against material lifespan; carriers use their own schedules and some cap payouts by roof age. Nothing here is a coverage determination — your policy documents and your adjuster decide that.